Foram examinadas a composição e abundância das espécies de mamíferos atropeladas em dois trechos da rodovia BR 262, a relação dos atropelamentos com a distância de centros urbanos, a escala espacial dos atropelamentos, a distribuição dos atropelamentos segundo a sazonalidade e a relação dos atropelamentos com o número de veículos. Os animais atropelados foram registrados durante 2 anos e 4 meses entre Campo Grande e Miranda, estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, sudoeste do Brasil. Ao todo foram registrados 231 espécimes de mamíferos distribuídos em 20 espécies, sendo Carnivora, Cingulata e Pilosa as principais ordens. Os atropelamentos foram mais intensos conforme o distanciamento dos grandes centros urbanos. Na análise de distribuição espacial e sazonal dos atropelamentos, Cerdocyon thous e Tamandua tetradactyla apresentaram picos definidos de atropelamentos em certos trechos da estrada, marcados sazonalmente. Não houve diferença na riqueza de espécies entre os trechos estudados nem entre as estações climáticas. Porém, o número total de atropelamentos se mostrou mais acentuado no trecho da rodovia que estava mais próximo ao Pantanal, com destaque para as ordens Carnivora e Pilosa. Em geral, houve mais atropelamentos durante o período chuvoso, com destaque para a ordem Cingulata. Recomendações de manejo são feitas com o objetivo de diminuir o efeito prejudicial da estrada, tais como uso de placas sinalizadoras de locais e épocas críticas de atropelamentos, uso de cercas de contenção de fauna em trechos críticos e facilitação para a movimentação da fauna através da rodovia, de modo seguro.

The composition and abundance of mammal road kills were examined on two stretches of the BR-262 Federal Road, besides relationship between city distance and road kill, road-kill spatial distribution, seasonality effects, and relationship with vehicles daily volume. The killed animals were registered over 2 years and 4 months, between Campo Grande and Miranda, in southwestern Brazil. A total of 231 mammal specimens was found, which were distributed in 20 species, being Carnivora, Cingulata and Pilosa the main orders. The road-kill frequency was more intense far from big urban centers. Analyzing the spatial distribution of road kills, Cerdocyon thous and Tamandua tetradactyla showed defined peaks of road kill, in specific sites of the road, being also seasonally marked. There were no differences in the species richness between road stretches or between seasons. However, the number of road kills was higher in the stretch near the Pantanal biome, with emphasis to Carnivora and Pilosa. Overall, there were more road kills during the rainy season, with Cingulata as the main order. Management recommendations are done in order to diminish the road impact, such as the use of road sign in critical locations for road kills, use of fences for faunal contention in critical stretches, and facilitation of faunal movements for crossing safely the road.

This paper examines the frequencies of mammal roadkill in two adjacent biogeographic ecoregions (Atlantic Forest and Cerrado) of Brazil. Mammals were recorded during a seven-year period and over 3,900 km of roads, in order to obtain data for frequencies of species in habitats (sites) and frequencies of species killed by cars on roads. Sites (n = 80) within ecoregions (Cerrado, n = 57; Atlantic Forest, n = 23) were searched for records of mammals. Species surveyed in the entire region totaled 33, belonging to nine orders and 16 families. In the Cerrado, 31 species were recorded in habitats; of these, 25 were found dead on roads. In the Atlantic Forest ecoregions, however, we found 21 species in habitats, 16 of which were also found dead on roads. There was no overall significant difference between ecoregions for frequencies of occurrence in habitats or for roadkills, but there were differences between individual species. Hence, anteaters were mostly recorded in the Cerrado ecoregion, whereas caviomorph rodents tended to be more frequent in the Atlantic Forest ecoregion (seen mainly by roadkills). The greater number of species (overall and threatened) and the greater abundance of species records in the Cerrado suggest that this ecoregion has a greater biodiversity and is better conserved than the Atlantic Forest ecoregion, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, south-western Brazil.